Using data from an evaluation of the San Francisco Beacon initiative, the authors examine how participation rates among middle-school students in after-school programs can be improved. This article explores how choices in overall program structure, in staffing patterns, and in the implementation of development opportunities within activities can improve participation rates.

Program-level factors that can promote long-term participation include ensuring that the program feels safe to the youth involved; providing staff who are responsive and connect well with the youth; and providing both a place to hang out as well as the time to do so.

Activity features that promote strong attendance include having activities that are well managed, having an optimum staff-to-youth ratio, and having activities that do not have a clear educational focus. This article provides concrete steps that program staff can take to improve adolescent participation in after-school programs.